What is nephrotic syndrome PPT?
Table of Contents
Introduction • Nephrotic syndrome (NS) – Commonest glomerular disease affecting children – Frequently encountered in general paediatrics – Characterised by • Significant proteinuria (early morning urine protein to creatinine ratio > 200mg/mmol) leading to – Hypoalbuminaemia (plasma albumin of < 25g/l) Paediatrics and …
What are the 3 key features of nephrotic syndrome?
Signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include:
- Severe swelling (edema), particularly around your eyes and in your ankles and feet.
- Foamy urine, a result of excess protein in your urine.
- Weight gain due to fluid retention.
- Fatigue.
- Loss of appetite.
What is meant by nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms that indicate your kidneys are not working properly. These symptoms include. too much protein in your urine, called proteinuria. low levels of a protein called albumin in your blood, called hypoalbuminemia. swelling in parts of your body, called edema.
What is nephrotic syndrome pathophysiology?
The nephrotic syndrome is a distinct abnormal clinical and biochemical entity characterized by edema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hematuria, hypertension, or azotemia may or may not be present.
What are complications of nephrotic syndrome?
Disease-associated complications include infections, thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease, hypovolemic crisis, anemia, and acute renal failure. CS, alkylating agents, calcineurin inhibitors, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are usually related to the complications of long-term therapy in nephrotic children.
How many types of nephrotic syndrome are there?
There are thought to be two forms of nephrotic syndrome, minimal change disease (MCD) and focal sclerosis (FSGS).
What is the most common complication of nephrotic syndrome?
Who is at risk for nephrotic syndrome?
Children of all ages can develop nephrotic syndrome. But the condition most often affects children who are 2 to 7 years old, particularly boys.
What are the components of nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is recognized by the presence of proteinuria in excess of 3.5 g/24 h along with hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia), and lipiduria. Each component has been investigated individually over the past four decades with some success.
Is nephrotic syndrome permanent?
Even though the nephrotic syndrome does not have a specific cure, the majority of children “outgrow” this disease in their late teens or in early adulthood. Some children will have only one attack of the syndrome.
What is the test for nephrotic syndrome?
A urinalysis can reveal abnormalities in your urine, such as large amounts of protein. You might be asked to collect urine samples over 24 hours. Blood tests. A blood test can show low levels of the protein albumin and often decreased levels of blood protein overall.
What are the criteria of nephrotic syndrome?
Diagnostic Criteria for Nephrotic Syndrome
| Factor | Criteria |
|---|---|
| Heavy proteinuria | Spot urine showing a protein-to-creatinine ratio of > 3 to 3.5 mg protein/mg creatinine (300 to 350 mg/mmol), or 24-hour urine collection showing > 3 to 3.5 g protein |
| Hypoalbuminemia | Serum albumin < 2.5 g per dL (25 g per L)* |
Is nephrotic syndrome curable?
Nephrotic syndrome is almost always treatable, but the treatment depends on the cause. Kids with nephrotic syndrome usually are treated by a nephrologist (a doctor who specializes in kidney problems). To treat minimal change disease, the doctor will prescribe: Prednisone.
Can nephrotic syndrome cause death?
The main causes of death for patients with nephrotic syndrome are linked to cardiovascular disease, due to the long-term effects on the blood. In particular, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia may have an impact on this.
Which medicine is best for nephrotic syndrome?
Corticosteroids (prednisone), cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine are used to induce remission in nephrotic syndrome. Diuretics are used to reduce edema. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers can reduce proteinuria.
Is nephrotic syndrome life long?
The majority (51/60) patients were relapse-free over 3 years. Early presentation (between age 1 and 3.9 years) was associated with more relapses and a longer interval between onset of NS and long-term remission. Conversely, older onset (after age 7 years) was associated with less active disease at 10 years follow-up.
What is the first line treatment for nephrotic syndrome?
Corticosteroids are currently used as first-line treatment. A 16 weeks full-dose steroid course (1 mg/kg/day) usually induces remission in 75% MCNS in adults.
What is the diet for nephrotic syndrome?
For people who have developed nephrotic syndrome, limiting intake of dietary sodium, often from salt, and fluid may be recommended to help reduce edema. A diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may also be recommended to help control hyperlipidemia.
Which is the best treatment for nephrotic syndrome?
Treatment
- Blood pressure medications. Drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood pressure and the amount of protein released in urine.
- Water pills (diuretics).
- Cholesterol-reducing medications.
- Blood thinners (anticoagulants).
- Immune system-suppressing medications.
Is milk good for nephrotic syndrome?
Nutritional requirements for a child with nephrotic syndrome
These restrictions in the diet may help to regulate your child’s fluid balance. Any food that is liquid at room temperature counts as a fluid. This includes the following: Milk, water, juice, soda, and other drinks.